Chickens manipulate objects and their environment using their beaks and feet.  They can scratch the ground, peck at objects, and pick up items to explore and interact with them.  Here are five ways they manipulate their environment:

1. Pecking: Chickens have specialized beaks that are adapted for pecking at the ground to find food. They use a combination of visual cues and tactile feedback to locate insects, seeds, and other small items. Their beaks have nerve endings that help them sense the texture and hardness of objects.

2. Scratching Chickens use their feet to scratch at the ground, which serves multiple purposes. This behaviour not only helps them uncover hidden insects and seeds but also turns over soil, exposing moist and cooler layers underneath. This is important for dust bathing and regulating body temperature.

3. Picking Up Objects: Chickens can use their beaks to pick up and manipulate objects in their environment. While they may not have the dexterity of hands like humans, their beaks are still quite versatile. They can pick up small items like leaves, twigs, or even small pebbles.

4. Exploration: Chickens are naturally curious creatures, and they use their beaks and feet to explore their surroundings. They might peck at different objects, including things that might not necessarily be food, to learn more about them.

5. Communication: Chickens also use pecking and scratching as a form of communication within their social hierarchy. These behaviours can convey dominance or submission among flock members.

Chickens don't have highly complex manipulation abilities compared to other animals, but they are able to perform basic actions to navigate their surroundings and find food. Their adaptations have evolved to suit their specific needs for survival, food gathering, and social interactions in their natural environment.

​When geese feel threatened or cornered, they may exhibit defensive behaviours to protect themselves and their territory. Hissing is one of these behaviours. It's a vocalization that geese use to communicate their unease and to establish boundaries.

The hissing sound itself is created by the expulsion of air through their beaks. Geese might raise their necks, spread their wings slightly, and open their bills while emitting this hissing sound. This display serves as a warning to potential threats, such as humans or other animals, that they are feeling threatened and are prepared to defend themselves if necessary.

Geese are naturally protective of their nests, mates, and young goslings. By hissing and displaying aggressive body language, they attempt to deter perceived dangers and maintain their safety. It's important for humans and other animals to respect these warning signals and give geese the space they need to feel secure.

Sows, female pigs, take care of their piglets by nursing them, providing warmth, and protecting them. They build nests from bedding materials to keep the piglets comfortable, and they nurse them multiple times a day, supplying essential nutrients for their growth. Sows are attentive and protective mothers, ensuring the well-being of their piglets until they are old enough to become more independent.

1. **Nursing:** Sows nurse their piglets to provide them with the crucial nutrients they need for growth and development. They have several teats, usually around 12 to 16, allowing multiple piglets to nurse simultaneously.

2. **Nest Building:** Before giving birth, sows engage in nest-building behaviour. They gather materials like straw, leaves, and other bedding materials to create a warm and comfortable nest for their piglets. This helps protect the piglets from the elements and provides a cozy environment for them to rest.

3. **Protection:** Sows are protective mothers. They often exhibit aggressive behaviours if they perceive a threat to their piglets. This can include charging at or chasing away potential predators or intruders. Sows will also position themselves between their piglets and any perceived danger.

4. **Warmth:** Piglets are unable to regulate their body temperature effectively when they are born, so sows provide warmth by cuddling with them or lying down to allow the piglets to snuggle close. This helps regulate the piglets' body temperature and keeps them comfortable.

5. **Teaching and Nurturing:** Sows teach their piglets important behaviours, such as how to find food and explore their environment. They may root around to expose food sources and encourage piglets to start eating solid food as they grow.

6. **Cleaning and Grooming:** Sows also engage in grooming behaviours to keep their piglets clean. This involves licking the piglets to remove dirt, mucus, or other debris from their bodies.

7. **Social Bonding:** Sows develop a strong social bond with their piglets. This bond is crucial for the piglets' emotional well-being and helps create a sense of security as they explore their surroundings.

As the piglets grow and become more independent, the sow's role gradually shifts from constant care to allowing them more freedom to explore and learn on their own. The maternal behaviours exhibited by sows ensure the survival and well-being of their piglets during the early stages of their lives.